Regular expression, or simply RegEx JavaScript allows you to write specific search patterns. You can also make the search case-sensitive or insensitive, search for a single JavaScript RegEx match or multiple, look for characters at the beginning or the end of a word.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to work with RegEx JavaScript. It will cover the appropriate syntax, RegEx modifiers and patterns, which in turn are comprised of brackets, metacharacters, quantifiers. We will also explain what is a RegEx object and what methods are the most popular.
Contents
RegEx JavaScript: Main Tips
- A regular expression is a string of text that makes a search pattern. It is formed using specific rules.
- The text pattern can be used to make JavaScript RegEx replace and search text.
- A regular expression can be a simple word or a complex pattern.
- Using regular expressions instead of strings for search can be much more flexible. For example, you can look for a case-insensitive JavaScript RegEx match.
- RegEx is a common abbreviation for regular expressions.
Syntax Standard
The example you can see below displays the syntax we use for JavaScript RegEx:
/pattern/modifiers;
Let's say we have /learn/i as our regular expression. learn is a search pattern. i is a modifier of the regular expression (it makes the search case-insensitive):
var reg = /learn/i;Using String Methods
Regular expressions are usually used with these two string methods: search() and replace(). We will now review both of them in more detail.
search() method searches for a specified pattern and returns the position of a JavaScript RegEx match (if finds any). The code in the JavaScript RegEx example below will find the position of the "Learn" string because the i modifier specifies the search to be case-insensitive:
search() method also accepts strings as arguments:
var text = "Learn computer things today!";
var str = text.search("computer");Now, JavaScript RegEx replace() method replaces a specified pattern with a new string. In the JavaScript RegEx example below, the string "books" is replaced with a string "Movies":
var text = "Books are the best.";
var re = text.replace(/books/i, "Movies");Strings can also be accepted as arguments when using JavaScript RegEx replace():
var text = "The best food is sushi.";
var re = text.replace("sushi", "pizza");Patterns and Modifiers
Whenever we need to find a range of characters, we use brackets. They can be round and square, depending on the situation:
| Expression | Description |
|---|---|
| [abc] | True if any of the characters in brackets is found |
| [0-9] | True if any of the numbers in brackets is found (can be specified in intervals) |
| (x|y) | True if any of the alternatives separated by | symbol is found |
Characters that have a special meaning are called metacharacters. Let's see them in a table to get a better idea:
| Metacharacter | Description |
|---|---|
| \d | True if any number is found |
| \s | True if a whitespace character is found |
| \b | True if a JavaScript RegEx match is found at the end or beginning of a word |
| \uxxxx | True if a character which is specified by a hexadecimal code is found |
As the name itself tells us, quantifiers are used to define quantities:
| Quantifier | Description |
|---|---|
| n+ | If a string contains at least one n, it's a match |
| n* | If a string has zero or more of n, it's a match |
| n? | If a string contains zero or one of n, it's a match |
Now, modifiers are not patterns. However, they are very important to them, as they change the way a pattern is searched. Review the table to get a better idea how they affect the search:
| Modifier | Description |
|---|---|
| i | Performs case-insensitive search |
| g | Performs a global match (find all JavaScript RegEx matches rather than stopping after the first one) |
| m | Performs multiline matching |
Using RegEx Object
JavaScript language also has a RegEx object, which has its properties and methods. You can learn more about RegEx properties and objects in the JavaScript RegEx Reference tutorial. Now, however, we will discuss the most popular RegEx object methods.
First and foremost, the RegEx object has a test() method. It searches a defined string for a specified pattern and returns true if a JavaScript RegEx match is found.
The example below searches for an x character in a specified string:
exec() is also a RegEx object method. Using it, the text you searched for is returned. The code is the example below is again used to look for an x character, but the return value is different:
RegEx JavaScript: Summary
- A regular expression allows you to create search patterns with specific rules.
- With RegEx JavaScript, you can either search for or replace a piece of text, by using string methods like
search()andreplace(). - RegEx are made of modifiers and patterns. Patterns are comprised of brackets, metacharacters, and quantifiers.